Contents I. Introduction 295 II. Evolution of the Plant Vascular System 295 III. Phloem
Development & Differentiation 300 IV. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Xylem Cell …

RNA silencing is a central regulator of gene expression in most eukaryotes and acts both at
the transcriptional level through DNA methylation and at the post-transcriptional level …

Polyploidy often confers emergent properties, such as the higher fibre productivity and
quality of tetraploid cottons than diploid cottons bred for the same environments. Here we …

Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating
insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors, which are …

Pathogen recognition by plants results in the activation of signaling pathways that induce
defense reactions. There is growing evidence indicating that epigenetic mechanisms directly …

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response to pathogen attack. Recent
evidence suggests that plant immunity involves regulation by chromatin remodeling and …

Understanding abiotic stress responses in plants is an important and challenging topic in
plant research. Physiological and molecular biological analyses have allowed us to draw a …

Head blight, which is caused by mycotoxin-producing fungi of the genus Fusarium, is an
economically important crop disease. We assessed the potential of host-induced gene …

The enzyme Dicer is best known for its role as a riboendonuclease in the small RNA
pathway. In this canonical role, Dicer is a critical regulator of the biogenesis of microRNA …

Organisms employ a fascinating array of strategies to silence invasive nucleic acids such as
transposons and viruses. Although evidence exists for several pathways that detect foreign …