Unique to striated muscle cells, transverse tubules (t-tubules) are membrane organelles that
consist of sarcolemma penetrating into the myocyte interior, forming a highly branched and …

In the heart, Ca2+ influx via CaV1. 2 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) is a multi-functional
signal that triggers muscle contraction, controls action potential duration, and regulates gene …

The heart either hypertrophies or dilates in response to familial mutations in genes encoding
sarcomeric proteins, which are responsible for contraction and pumping. These mutations …

Hemodynamic overload induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which is an independent
risk factor for intractable heart failure in long run. Beyond neurohumoral regulation …

Rationale: Autologous bone marrow–derived or cardiac-derived stem cell therapy for heart
disease has demonstrated safety and efficacy in clinical trials, but functional improvements …

The L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1. 2 controls multiple functions throughout the body including
heart rate and neuronal excitability. It is a key mediator of fight-or-flight stress responses …

Rationale: Chronic elevation of 3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels
has been associated with cardiac remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy. However …

Rationale: Disruption in subcellular targeting of Ca2+ signaling complexes secondary to
changes in cardiac myocyte structure may contribute to the pathophysiology of a variety of …

The calcium-activated protein phosphatase, calcineurin, lies at the intersection of protein
phosphorylation and calcium signaling cascades, where it provides an essential nodal point …

Abstract Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a Ca 2+ sensor that partners with Orai1 to
elicit Ca 2+ entry in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca 2+ store depletion. While …