Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors—
relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive—for patient care …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of
the central nervous system, and the leading cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in …

Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …

In the majority of patients multiple sclerosis starts with a relapsing remitting course (RRMS),
which may at later times transform into secondary progressive disease (SPMS). In a minority …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with a relapsing–remitting disease
course at early stages, distinct lesion characteristics in cortical grey versus subcortical white …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system (CNS), which gives rise to focal lesions in the gray and white matter and to …

Abstract Development of novel therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders has
experienced a high failure rate in clinical trials owing to unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse …

The factor that is most relevant and strongly associated with the clinical course of multiple
sclerosis is chronological age. Very young patients exclusively have relapsing remitting …

There are over 15 disease-modifying drugs that have been approved over the last 20 years
for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are limited …