Background It is widely accepted that intellectual property legal requirements such as
patents and data exclusivity can affect access to medicines, but to date there has not been a …

Although patent systems have been widely used both historically and internationally, there is
nonetheless a tremendous amount of controversy over whether patent systems, in practice …

We develop a framework for difference-in-differences designs with staggered treatment
adoption and heterogeneous causal effects. We show that conventional regression-based …

A broad empirical literature uses event study research designs for treatment effect
estimation, a setting in which all units in the panel receive treatment but at random times. We …

We consider a linear panel event-study design in which unobserved confounds may be
related both to the outcome and to the policy variable of interest. We provide sufficient …

We provide the first estimate of the impacts of automation on individual workers by
combining Dutch micro-data with a direct measure of automation expenditures covering …

This paper uses unconditional quantile regression analysis to interrogate the effects of
institutional quality on innovation outcomes. We assess important determinants of innovation …

The contribution of intellectual capital to financial stability in Indian pharmaceutical companies |
Emerald Insight Books and journals Case studies Expert Briefings Open Access Publish with us …

Innovation is central to long-run economic growth. This chapter summarizes the state of the
literature on the economics of innovation, highlighting open policy questions. We first …

Abstract Analysis of the timing of launches of 642 new drugs in 76 countries during 1983–
2002 shows that patent and price regulation regimes strongly affect how quickly new drugs …