There is a large and growing interest in non‐consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators.
Diverse and extensive evidence shows that predation risk directly influences prey traits …

We study the dynamics of a prey-predator interaction model that incorporates:(1) reduction
of prey growth rate, in the form of fear effect, in presence of predator; and (2) group defense …

Most organisms face the problem of foraging and maintaining growth while avoiding
predators. Typical animal responses to predator exposure include reduced feeding …

According to a recent hypothesis, personality traits should form integrative pace‐of‐life
syndromes with life‐history traits. Potential life‐history traits that explain personality variation …

Plankton-fish interactions are the central topic of interest related to marine ecology. Apart
from the direct predation (lethal effect) of zooplankton by fish, there are some non-lethal …

The interplay of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish is one of the most important aspects of
the aquatic environment. In this paper, we propose to explore the dynamics of a …

Genetic algorithms are a heuristic global optimisation technique mimicking the action of
natural selection to solve hard optimisation problems, which has enjoyed growing usage in …

In recent years, using a personality approach for studies of animal behaviour has increased
our ability to predict an individual's or population's behavioural responses to external stimuli …

Animals are expected to synchronize activity routines with the temporal patterns at which
resources appear in nature. Accordingly, species that depend on resources showing …

A central tenet of evolutionary biology states that life‐history traits are linked via trade‐offs,
as classically exemplified by the van Noordwijk and de Jong model. This model, however …