Microglial calcium signaling is rare in a baseline state but strongly engaged during early
epilepsy development. The mechanism (s) governing microglial calcium signaling are not …

Aquatic eco-neurotoxicology is an emerging field that requires new analytical systems to
study the effects of pollutants on animal behaviors. This is especially true if we are to gain …

Absence seizures are characterized by brief periods of unconsciousness accompanied by
lapses in motor function that can occur hundreds of times throughout the day. Outside of …

In many species, social interactions decrease behavioral, hormonal, and neural responses
to environmental stressors. While “social buffering” and its mechanisms have received …

Infradian mood and sleep-wake rhythms with periods of 48 hr and beyond have been
observed in bipolar disorder (BD) subjects that even persist in time isolation, indicating an …

Striatal spiny-projection neurons (SPNs) integrate glutamatergic inputs from the motor cortex
and thalamus with neuromodulatory signals to regulate motor output. In vivo Ca2+ imaging …

Background Severe stress can produce multiple persistent changes in defensive behavior
relevant to psychiatric illness. While much is known about the circuits supporting stress …

The visual cliff assay (VCA) has been used in multiple animal models including humans to
assess stereopsis, the pinnacle percept of binocular function that is markedly disrupted in …

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common
neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed in childhood. It is characterised by an inability to …

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common types of epilepsy in adults and
causes pervasive memory impairments. However, the exact mechanisms leading to it …