Understanding linkages between environmental changes and disease emergence in human
and wildlife populations represents one of the greatest challenges to ecologists and …

Parasites have evolved different strategies to increase their transmission from one host to
another. The Adaptive Host Manipulation hypothesis states that parasites induce …

Greater than 70% of the world's amphibian species are in decline. We propose that there is
probably not a single cause for global amphibian declines and present a three-tiered …

Amphibian anomalies have been a source of curiosity for centuries and the literature on this
topic is enormous. We provide a comprehensive overview of the anomalies that have been …

Reports of severely malformed amphibians in the 1990s prompted researchers to examine
the causes and extent of the issue. However, disparities in survey methods and a shortage …

Background Cases of polydactyly in natural populations of amphibians have attracted great
interest from biologists. At the end of the 1940s, the French biologist Jean Rostand …

Trematode infection of the second intermediate hosts can lead to changes in their fitness
and, as a result, a change in the invasion rate of animal communities. It is especially …

The impact of widespread and common environmental factors, such as chemical
contaminants, on infectious disease risk in amphibians is particularly important because …

Direct effect of four common agricultural pesticides viz., chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, glyphosate
and propanil, on the survival, growth and development of malformations in common …

Laboratory and field studies provide evidence that pesticides may play a role in population
declines, range reductions and species extinctions of amphibians. The present study …