Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is one of the multiple translational recoding
processes that fundamentally alters triplet decoding of the messenger RNA by the …

Ribosomal frameshifting is a mechanism of gene expression used by several RNA viruses to
express replicase enzymes. This article focuses on frameshifting in two human pathogens …

Understanding the structural repertoire of RNA is crucial for RNA genomics research. Yet
current methods for finding novel RNAs are limited to small or known RNA families. To …

RNA is the central conduit for gene expression. This role depends on an ability to encode
information at two levels: in its linear sequence and in the complex structures RNA can form …

The Pol protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) harbours the viral enzymes
critical for viral replication; protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT), and integrase (IN). PR …

A new in vivo assay system has been developed to study programmed frameshifting in the
yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Frameshift signals are inserted between the Renilla and …

There is something special about mRNA pseudoknots that allows them to elicit efficient
levels of programmed− 1 ribosomal frameshifting. Here, we present a synthesis of recent …

Programmed− 1 ribosomal frameshifting is necessary for translation of the polymerase
genes of many viruses. In addition to the consensus elements in the mRNA around the …

Abstract Synthesis of the Gag‐Pol protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐
1) requires a programmed–1 ribosomal frameshifting when ribosomes translate the …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizes a distinctive form of gene regulation
as part of its life cycle, termed programmed− 1 ribosomal frameshifting, to produce the …