▪ Abstract Most prokaryotic signal-transduction systems and a few eukaryotic pathways use
phosphotransfer schemes involving two conserved components, a histidine protein kinase …

To succeed, many cells must alternate between life-styles that permit rapid growth in the
presence of abundant nutrients and ones that enhance survival in the absence of those …

Recent concerns over the sustainability of petrochemical-based processes for production of
desired chemicals have fueled research into alternative modes of production. Metabolic …

Under enzyme catalysis, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) transfers a phosphoryl group to
canonical ribonucleotide diphosphates (NDPs) to form ribonucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) …

The electron-transport chains of Escherichia coli are composed of many different
dehydrogenases and terminal reductases (or oxidases) which are linked by quinones …

Phosphotransfer-mediated signaling pathways allow cells to sense and respond to
environmental stimuli. Autophosphorylating histidine protein kinases provide phosphoryl …

Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt
to a wide range of environments, stressors, and growth conditions. In the prototypical two …

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a complex and widespread gram-negative bacterial
export pathway with the capacity to translocate protein effectors into a diversity of target cell …

We present a comprehensive overview of the hierarchical network of intracellular processes
revolving around central nitrogen metabolism in Escherichia coli. The hierarchy intertwines …

Non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of proteins can occur when a nucleophilic or
redox-sensitive amino acid side chain encounters a reactive metabolite. In many cases, the …