GPR81 is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) discovered in 2001, but deorphanized only
7 years later, when its affinity for lactate as an endogenous ligand was demonstrated. More …

Chronic pain is associated with long term plasticity of nociceptive pathways in the central
nervous system. Astrocytes can profoundly affect synaptic function and increasing evidence …

Repetitively firing neurons during seizures accelerate glycolysis to meet energy demand,
which leads to the accumulation of extracellular glycolytic by-product lactate. Here, we …

Classic physiology divides all neural cells into excitable neurons and nonexcitable
neuroglia. Neuroglial cells, chiefly responsible for homeostasis and defense of the nervous …

Astroglial aerobic glycolysis, a process during which d-glucose is converted to l-lactate, a
brain fuel and signal, is regulated by the plasmalemmal receptors, including adrenergic …

Astrocytes, heterogeneous neuroglial cells, contribute to metabolic homeostasis in the brain
by providing energy substrates to neurons. In contrast to predominantly oxidative neurons …

TMEM87s are eukaryotic transmembrane proteins with two members (TMEM87A and
TMEM87B) in humans. TMEM87s have proposed roles in protein transport to and from the …

Lactate is an intriguing molecule with emerging physiological roles in the brain. It has
beneficial effects in animal models of acute brain injuries and traumatic brain injury or …

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in G protein-coupled receptor 180 (GPR180) are
associated with hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether …

Lactate is a universal metabolite produced and released by all cells in the body.
Traditionally it was viewed as energy currency that is generated from pyruvate at the end of …