Growing research effort has shown that physical enrichment (PE) can improve fish welfare
and research validity. However, the inclusion of PE does not always result in positive effects …

Social behaviors are diverse in nature, but it is unclear how conserved genes, brain regions,
and cell populations generate this diversity. Here we investigate bower-building, a recently …

Behavior is critical for animal survival and reproduction, and possibly for diversification and
evolutionary radiation. However, the genetics behind adaptive variation in behavior are …

The medaka, Oryzias latipes, is rapidly growing in importance as a model in behavioural
research. However, our knowledge of its behaviour is still incomplete. In this study, we …

Animals exhibit considerable and consistent among-individual variation in cognitive abilities,
even within a population. Recent studies have attempted to address this variation using …

Some animal species exhibit considerable physiological and behavioural alterations in
response to captivity. It has been hypothesized, but rarely tested, that such changes reflect a …

For many vertebrates, a single genetic locus initiates a cascade of developmental sex
differences in the gonad and throughout the organism, resulting in adults with two …

Variation in stress responses between individuals are linked to factors ranging from stress
coping styles to sensitivity of neurotransmitter systems. Many anxiolytic compounds (eg …

Evolutionary ecology aims to better understand how ecologically important traits respond to
environmental heterogeneity. Environments vary both naturally and as a result of human …

Although bold and shy behavioral phenotypes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been
selectively bred and maintained over multiple generations, it is unclear if they are …