Light modulation is an essential operation in photonics and optoelectronics. With existing
and emerging technologies increasingly demanding compact, efficient, fast and broadband …

Owing to their atomic layer thickness, strong light–material interaction, high nonlinearity,
broadband optical response, fast relaxation, controllable optoelectronic properties, and high …

Electro-optic modulators are an indispensable part of photonic communication systems,
largely dictating the achievable transmission rate. Recent advances in materials and …

Metasurfaces, with extremely exotic capabilities to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves,
have derived a plethora of advanced metadevices with intriguing functionalities …

Graphene has generated exceptional interest as an optoelectronic material 1, 2 because its
high carrier mobility 3, 4 and broadband absorption 5 promise to make extremely fast and …

Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) based on 2D layered materials with selectable
materials properties pave the way to integration at the atomic scale, which may give rise to …

The ground-breaking demonstration of the electric field effect in graphene reported more
than a decade ago prompted the strong push towards the commercialization of graphene as …

Graphene plasmons are rapidly emerging as a viable tool for fast electrical manipulation of
light. The prospects for applications to electro-optical modulation, optical sensing, quantum …

Graphene-based photodetectors have attracted strong interest for their exceptional physical
properties, which include an ultrafast response,, across a broad spectrum, a strong electron …

In this paper, we will review both past and recent progresses in the generation, detection
and application of intense terahertz (THz) radiation. We will restrict the review to laser based …