Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Cells' local mechanical environment can be as important in guiding cellular responses as
many well-characterized biochemical cues. Hydrogels that mimic the native extracellular …

Stretchable ionic skins are intriguing in mimicking the versatile sensations of natural skins.
However, for their applications in advanced electronics, good elastic recovery, self-healing …

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with
permanent porosity and highly ordered structures. Unlike other polymers, a significant …

The past 20 years have witnessed ever-growing evidence that the mechanical properties of
biological tissues, from nanoscale to macroscale dimensions, are fundamental for cellular …

Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have
transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and …

Synthetic 3D extracellular matrices (ECMs) find application in cell studies, regenerative
medicine, and drug discovery. While cells cultured in a monolayer may exhibit unnatural …

Hydrogel scaffolds that can repair or regrow damaged biological tissue have great potential
for the treatment of injury and disease. These biomaterials are widely used in the tissue …

Conspectus Inspired by the perfect helical structures and the resulting exquisite functions of
biomacromolecules, helical polymers have attracted increasing attention in recent years …

Naturally sourced gels from food biopolymers have advanced in recent decades to compare
favourably in performance and breadth of application to their synthetic counterparts. Here …