Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic
stress disorder, tend to be long-term conditions in whose development and maintenance …

The neuropeptide arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is well known for its peripheral effects on
blood pressure and antidiuresis. However, AVP also modulates various social and anxiety …

Background Although the link between gut microbiota and depression has been suggested,
changes of gut microbiota vary largely among individuals with depression. Aims Explore the …

Chronic stress is an environmental risk factor for depression and causes neuronal atrophy in
the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and other brain regions. It is still unclear about the molecular …

Background: Growing evidence points out that a disturbance of gut microbiota may also
disturb the gut–brain communication. However, it is not clear to what extent the alteration of …

Chronic stress exerts multiple negative effects on the physiology and health of an individual.
In the present study, we examined hypothalamic, pituitary and endocrine responses to 14 …

Androgens play a pivotal role during development. These gonadal hormones and their
receptors exert organizational actions that shape brain morphology in regions controlling the …

The sucrose preference test (SPT) is a widely used preclinical assay for studying stress-
sensitive reward behaviors and antidepressant treatments in rodents, with some face …

Introduction Maternal adversity during pregnancy influences neurodevelopment in human
and model animal offspring. Adversity can result from stressors coming from many different …

Daily intake of tea has been known to relate to a low risk of depression. In this study, we
report that a special variety of tea in China, Camellia assamica var. kucha (kucha) …