Pheromones have been found in species in almost every part of the animal kingdom,
including mammals. Pheromones (a molecule or defined combination of molecules) are …

Simple Summary Insects have several methods to protect themselves and their resources
from danger. One of them is to use their sense of smell. In this review, we describe how …

Animals must rapidly and accurately process environmental information to produce the
correct behavioral responses. Reactions to previously encountered as well as to novel but …

Background The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is an emerging insect model
organism representing the largest insect order, Coleoptera, which encompasses several …

Male moths locate their mates using species-specific sex pheromones emitted by
conspecific females. One striking feature of sex pheromone recognition in males is the high …

The lateral accessory lobe (LAL) mediates signals from the central complex to the thoracic
motor centers. The results obtained from different insects suggest that the LAL is highly …

Recognizing the identity of others, from the individual to the group level, is a hallmark of
society. Ants, and other social insects, have evolved advanced societies characterized by …

This article reviews the brain of ants in the context of their behavior. Division of labor
underlies the social lifestyle of ants; it results not only in behavioral specialization, but also in …

Olfactory systems dynamically encode odor information in the nervous system. Insects
constitute a well-established model for the study of the neural processes underlying olfactory …

We use the moth Heliothis virescens as model organism for studying the neural network
involved in chemosensory coding and learning. The constituent neurons are characterised …