Insulin resistance is increasingly recognized as a chronic, low-level, inflammatory state.
Hyperinsulinemia and insulin action were initially proposed as the common preceding …

The genetic mechanisms underlying functional hyperandrogenism and the polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS) remain largely unknown. Given the large number of genetic variants …

Inflammation leads to changes in lipid metabolism aimed at decreasing the toxicity of a
variety of harmful agents and tissue repair by redistributing nutrients to cells involved in host …

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health problem in the United States
and around the world. Evidence accumulated over decades convincingly demonstrates that …

Many insights have been gained into cytokine-regulated control of inflammatory processes
and host defence in recent years. Evidence has also gradually accumulated that cytokine …

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a key cytokine in the inflammation process
of atherosclerosis. Through its effects on lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and endothelial …

Inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα may play a role in the pathogenesis of common
metabolic disorders, including hyperandrogenism and the polycystic ovary syndrome …

Objective—The metabolic and genetic correlates of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1
(IGF-1) and its main circulating carrier, IGF-1-binding-protein-3 (IGFBP-3), are unclear …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes core subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes
and, as a result of intricate regulatory crosstalk between nuclear and mitochondrial …

Gallbladder disease (GBD) is one of the major digestive diseases. Its risk factors include
age, sex, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MS). The prevalence of GBD is …