Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Mammalian cells
express nine transmembrane AC (mAC) isoforms (AC1–9) and a soluble AC (sAC, also …

G βγ subunits from heterotrimeric G proteins perform a vast array of functions in cells with
respect to signaling, often independently as well as in concert with G α subunits. However …

The G protein alpha subunit o (Gαo) is one of the most abundant proteins in the nervous
system, and pathogenic mutations in its gene (GNAO1) cause movement disorder. However …

Oxycodone, a semisynthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid,
has been available for more than 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used …

Key points Brief dopamine events are critical actors of reward‐mediated learning in the
striatum; the intracellular cAMP–protein kinase A (PKA) response of striatal medium spiny …

ML297 was recently identified as a potent and selective small molecule agonist of G-protein–
gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels. Here, we show ML297 selectively …

Gβγ subunits play key roles in modulation of canonical effectors in G protein-coupled
receptor (GPCR)-dependent signalling at the cell surface. However, a number of recent …

Dopamine input to the dorsal and ventral striatum originates from separate populations of
midbrain neurons. Despite differences in afferent inputs and behavioral output, little is …

Heterologous sensitization of adenylyl cyclase (also referred to as superactivation,
sensitization, or supersensitization of adenylyl cyclase) is a cellular adaptive response first …

Prescription opioid abuse is an increasing public health concern in the USA. A vaccine
comprising a hapten (OXY) conjugated to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin …