Polymeric materials produced from fossil fuels have been intimately linked to the
development of industrial activities in the 20th century and, consequently, to the …

Ions differ in their ability to salt out proteins from solution as expressed in the lyotropic or
Hofmeister series of cations and anions. Since its first formulation in 1888, this series has …

The low-complexity domain of the RNA-binding protein FUS (FUS LC) mediates liquid−
liquid phase separation (LLPS), but the interactions between the repetitive SYGQ-rich …

Weakly hydrated anions help to solubilize hydrophobic macromolecules in aqueous
solutions, but small molecules comprising the same chemical constituents precipitate out …

Hydrogel actuators, capable of generating reversible deformation in response to external
stimulus, are widely considered as new emerging intelligent materials for applications in soft …

Specific effects of electrolytes have posed a challenge since the 1880's. The pioneering
work was that of Franz Hofmeister who studied specific salt induced protein precipitation …

Dynamic protein-rich intracellular structures that contain phase-separated intrinsically
disordered proteins (IDPs) composed of sequences of low complexity (SLC) have been …

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are a class of stimuli-responsive biopolymers inspired by
the intrinsically disordered domains of tropoelastin that are composed of repeats of the …

Specific ion effects in aqueous polymer solutions have been under active investigation over
the past few decades. The current state-of-the-art research is primarily focused on the …

Proteins and synthetic polymers can undergo phase transitions in response to changes to
intensive solution parameters such as temperature, proton chemical potentials (pH), and …