Conventional sex roles imply caring females and competitive males. The evolution of sex
role divergence is widely attributed to anisogamy initiating a self‐reinforcing process. The …

The importance of wild birds as potential vectors of disease has received recent renewed
empirical interest, especially regarding human health. Understanding the spread of bacterial …

Why do males and females frequently differ so markedly in body size and morphology? Sex,
Size, and Gender Roles is the first book to investigate the genetic, developmental, and …

Immune defenses have been suggested to play an important role in mediating life history
trade-offs. Detecting and understanding such trade-offs, however, is complicated by the …

Fleas are one of the most interesting and fascinating taxa of ectoparasites. All species in this
relatively small order are obligatory haematophagous (blood-feeding) parasites of higher …

The interrelationship between wild animal, domestic animals and human health is
appreciated now more than ever before. This is because of the recognition of the …

Range expansions are extremely common, but have only recently begun to attract attention
in terms of their genetic consequences. As populations expand, demes at the wave front …

Summary 1 Sex differences in levels of parasite infection are a common rule in a wide range
of mammals, with males usually more susceptible than females. Sex‐specific exposure to …

Ecological immunology is a rapidly expanding field of research that attempts to explain
variation in immune function across individuals, populations and species. Birds and …

The present review discusses the communication between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad
(HPG) axis and the immune system of vertebrates, attempting to situate the HPG-immune …