Obesity is gaining acceptance as a serious primary health burden that impairs the quality of
life because of its associated complications, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases …

From a biological point of view, aging can be considered a progressive inability of an
organism to react to stress, maintain homeostasis, and survive unfavourable changes during …

There has been much effort recently to define the role of adipocytokines, which are soluble
mediators derived mainly from adipocytes (fat cells), in the interaction between adipose …

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end‐stage kidney disease worldwide but
current treatments remain suboptimal. This review examines the evidence for inflammation …

Fat is either white or brown, the latter being found principally in neonates. White fat, which
comprises adipocytes, pre-adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and …

Resistin was originally described as an adipocyte-secreted peptide that induced insulin
resistance in rodents. Increasing evidence indicates its important regulatory roles in various …

Endothelium is the largest organ in the body strategically located between the wall of blood
vessels and the blood stream. The human body contains approximately 1013 endothelial …

The meaning of uremia, which refers to the illness accompanying kidney failure that is
unexplained by derangements in extracellular volume, inorganic ion concentrations, or lack …

Insulin resistance (IR) is an early metabolic alteration in chronic kidney disease (CKD)
patients, being apparent when the glomerular filtration rate is still within the normal range …

The clinical consequences of obesity on the kidneys, with or without metabolic
abnormalities, involve both renal function and structures. The mechanisms linking obesity …