The use of agrochemicals has grown in recent years following the increase in agricultural
productivity, to eliminate weeds that can compromise crop yields. The intensive use of these …

All organisms have a stress response system to cope with environmental threats, yet its
precise form varies hugely within and across individuals, populations, and species. While …

The ornamental fish trade is estimated to handle up to 1· 5 billion fishes. Transportation and
handling of fishes imposes a range of stressors that can result in mortality at rates of up to …

Predation plays a fundamental role in evolutionary processes, driving changes in prey
morphology, physiology and behaviour. With organisms being increasingly exposed to rapid …

Background Gut microbiota provide functions of importance to influence hosts' food
digestion, metabolism, and protection against pathogens. Factors that affect the composition …

Maintaining energy balance and reproducing are important for fitness, yet animals have
evolved mechanisms by which the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/HPI) axis …

Intestinal microbes are essential participants in host vital activities. The composition of the
microbiota is closely related to the environmental factors. Predator presence may impact on …

We conducted a review of scientific articles published between 2000 and 2014 and
evaluated how frequently various aspects of cortisol and corticosterone (CORT) actions …

It is widely expected that physiological and behavioral stress responses will be integrated
within divergent stress‐coping styles (SCS) and that these may represent opposite ends of a …

Predation pressure can alter the morphology, physiology, life history, and behavior of prey;
each of these in turn can change how surviving prey interact with parasites. These trait …