Patterns of environmental spatial structure lie at the heart of the most fundamental and
familiar patterns of diversity on Earth. Antarctica contains some of the strongest …

Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems experience some of the most extreme growth conditions on
Earth and are characterized by extreme aridity and subzero temperatures. Antarctic …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

The Antarctic biota is highly endemic, and the diversity and abundance of taxonomic groups
differ from elsewhere in the world. Such characteristics have resulted from evolution in …

We report a meta‐analysis of data from 34 field studies into the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB)
radiation on Arctic and Antarctic bryophytes and angiosperms. The studies measured plant …

Solar radiation represents a key abiotic factor in the evolution of life in the oceans. In
general, marine, biota—particularly in euphotic and dysphotic zones—depends directly or …

Antarctic terrestrial biota are generally limited by the inexorably linked environmental factors
of low summer temperature and lack of available water. However, in parts of the Antarctic …

abstract Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) received at the Earth's surface has enhanced
because of the declining level of ozone in the upper atmosphere. World-wide decline in crop …

This chapter aims to bring out the major features of the ecophysiology of terrestrial plants in
Antarctica with some emphasis on what appears to be controlling the distribution and …

Depletion of stratospheric ozone over the Antarctic has been re-occurring yearly since 1974,
leading to enhanced UV-B radiation. Arctic ozone depletion has been observed since 1990 …