Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop
productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in …

This review deals with the adaptive mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the
challenge of salt stress. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement a series of adaptations to …

In the natural environment, plants are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stress
conditions that trigger rapid changes in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen …

Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also
cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result …

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques to
study the effect of stresses on the photosynthetic process. From the first utilization, the F v/F …

Salinization of soil with sodium chloride ions inhibits plant functions, causing reduction of
yield of crops. Salt tolerant microorganisms have been studied to enhance crop growth …

Anthropogenic activities are altering total nutrient loads to many estuaries and freshwaters,
resulting in high loads not only of total nitrogen (N), but in some cases, of chemically …

Plants as sessile organisms are continuously exposed to abiotic stress conditions that
impose numerous detrimental effects and cause tremendous loss of yield. Abiotic stresses …

As plants are sessile organisms that have to attune their physiology and morphology
continuously to varying environmental challenges in order to survive and reproduce, they …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continually generated as a consequence of the normal
metabolism in aerobic organisms. Accumulation and release of ROS into cell take place in …