The concept that chemokines, cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators act in a co-
ordinated fashion to drive the initiation of the inflammatory reaction is well understood. The …

Serotonin was first discovered in the gut, and its conventional actions as an intercellular
signalling molecule in the intrinsic and extrinsic enteric reflexes are well recognized, as are …

MicroRNAs were discovered more than 2 decades ago and have profound impact on
diverse biological processes. Specific microRNAs have important roles in modulating the …

Abstract Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) once most extensively studied as a
neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, is seen to be predominantly secreted in the …

The brain is both the orchestrator as well as the target of the innate immune system's
response to the aseptic trauma of surgery. When trauma-induced inflammation is not …

Netrin-1 is a member of the laminin-like protein family and was initially identified as a potent
chemotactic molecule involved in axonal guidance and cell migration during embryonic …

Despite increasing availability and more successful interventional approaches to restore
coronary reperfusion, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a substantial cause of …

Netrins belong to the family of laminin-like secreted proteins, which guide axonal migration
and neuronal growth in the developing central nervous system. Over the last 20 years, it has …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a network of neurons and glia that controls ongoing
gastrointestinal (GI) functions. Damage or injury to the ENS can lead to functional GI …

Neuroinflammation is an essential mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of
subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced brain injury. Recently, Netrin-1 (NTN-1) is well …