Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving form of supportive therapy for respiratory failure. In
addition to support of gas exchange, other potential benefits of mechanical ventilation …

Bat biologists have long known about the exceptional longevity of bats (Order: Chiroptera),
which is unusual for mammals of such a small size and a high metabolic rate. Yet relatively …

Background The combination of complete diaphragm inactivity and mechanical ventilation
(for more than 18 hours) elicits disuse atrophy of myofibers in animals. We hypothesized that …

We studied six patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)(FEV1= 1.1±0.2
L, 32% of predicted) and six age-and activity level–matched control subjects while …

Molting is one of the most important biological processes in shrimp growth and
development. All shrimp undergo cyclic molting periodically to shed and replace their …

Prolonged reductions in muscle activity and mechanical loading (eg, bed rest, cast
immobilization) result in alterations in skeletal muscle form and function. The purpose of this …

This review summarizes current information on structural and functional changes that occur
during muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Most published studies consider an increase in total …

Maintaining skeletal muscle mass is essential for general health and prevention of disease
progression in various neuromuscular conditions. Currently, no treatments are available to …

While impairments in peripheral tissue insulin signalling have a well-characterized role in
the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the specific mechanisms …

Wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) exhibit marked geographic variation in freeze tolerance, with
subarctic populations tolerating experimental freezing to temperatures at least 10-13 …