In order to ensure normal body function, the human body is dependent on a tight control of
its blood glucose levels. This is accomplished by a highly sophisticated network of various …

Abstract Changes in cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+] c) play a crucial role in the
control of insulin secretion from the electrically excitable pancreatic β-cell. Secretion is …

In the nervous system, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) participate in neurotransmission and
modulate the viability of neurons. In contrast, little is known about the role of NMDARs in …

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is upregulated in diabetes and
significantly contributes to cardiac remodeling with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias …

Alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca 2+) levels diminish insulin secretion
and reduce β-cell survival in both major forms of diabetes. The mechanisms responsible for …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the first steps of protein assembly within the
secretory pathway and is the site where protein folding and quality control are initiated. The …

Calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has emerged as a
key nodal protein in the regulation of cardiac physiology and pathology. Due to the …

Abstract Background The divalent cation Calcium (Ca 2+) regulates a wide range of
processes in disparate cell types. Within insulin-producing β-cells, increases in cytosolic Ca …

Type two diabetes (T2D) is a challenging metabolic disorder for which a cure has not yet
been found. Its etiology is associated with several phenomena, including significant loss of …

Insulin, which is released by pancreatic islet β-cells in response to elevated levels of
glucose in the blood, is a critical regulator of metabolism. Insulin triggers the uptake of …