Arterial stiffness, a leading marker of risk in hypertension, can be measured at material or
structural levels, with the latter combining effects of the geometry and composition of the …

This review covers the last 80 years of remarkable progress in the development of
mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists (MRAs) from synthesis of the first …

Document Reviewers: Luis Alcocer (Mexico), Christina Antza (Greece), Mustafa Arici
(Turkey), Eduardo Barbosa (Brazil), Adel Berbari (Lebanon), Luıs Bronze (Portugal), John …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent condition globally and is strongly
associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypertension is both a cause and …

The original KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in
Chronic Kidney Disease in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population not receiving …

Left ventricular hypertrophy is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Although reverse ventricular remodelling was long thought to be irreversible, evidence from …

In patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension, cardiac output remains within normal
ranges and intravascular volume is normal or low, assuming the presence of a sufficient …

CKD frequently leads to chronic cardiac dysfunction. This complex relationship has been
termed as cardiorenal syndrome type 4 or cardio-renal link. Despite numerous studies and …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition with a prevalence of 10–15%
worldwide. An inverse-graded relationship exists between cardiovascular events and …

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in the heart and vessels leads to pathological
effects, such as excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, oxidative stress, and sustained …