Because of the compartmentalization of disciplines that shaped the academic landscape of
biology and biomedical sciences in the past, physiological systems have long been studied …

Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease
(PD), the leading causes of dementia. These neurological disorders are characterized by the …

Macrophages are present in all vertebrate tissues, from mid-gestation throughout life,
constituting a widely dispersed organ system. They promote homeostasis by responding to …

Contemplative practices, such as meditation and yoga, are increasingly popular among the
general public and as topics of research. Beneficial effects associated with these practices …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are predicted to be the biggest health concern in this
century and the second leading cause of death by 2050. The main risk factor of these …

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex, a
neural circuit through which the CNS can modulate peripheral immune responses. Signals …

Brain and viscera interplay within the autonomic nervous system where the vagus nerve
(VN), containing approximately 80% afferent and 20% efferent fibres, plays multiple key …

T and B cells express most cholinergic system components—eg, acetylcholine (ACh),
choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase, and both muscarinic and nicotinic …

Autonomic nervous system activation can induce significant and heterogeneous changes of
atrial electrophysiology and induce atrial tachyarrhythmias, including atrial tachycardia and …

The α7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR: coded by Chrna7)
regulates the cholinergic ascending anti-inflammatory pathway involved in depression. We …