Water covers over 70% of the earth, has varying depths and temperatures and contains
much of the earth's resources. Head-out water immersion (HOWI) or submersion at various …

Water covers over 75% of the earth, has a wide variety of depths and temperatures, and
holds a great deal of the earth's resources. The challenges of the underwater environment …

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine kinematic and energetic differences
between front crawl and backstroke performed at the same aerobic speeds. Methods Ten …

Optimal Body Size and Limb Length Ratios Associated with 100-m Personal-Best Swim Speeds
Page 1 Optimal Body Size and Limb Length Ratios Associated with 100-m Personal-Best Swim …

Undulatory underwater swimming (UUS) is an important swimming technique after a start
and after turns. It was considered that a higher swimming velocity (U) resulted from a higher …

Swimming has become an important area of sport science research since the 1970s, with
the bioenergetic factors assuming a fundamental performance-influencing role. The purpose …

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in stroke parameters, motor
organization and swimming efficiency with increasing energy cost in aquatic locomotion …

Strouhal number (St) corresponds to a wake parameter based on the tail kinematics of
swimming animals according to St= A· f/U, where f is the stroke frequency, A is the fin-beat …

Fin swimming performance can be divided into underwater and surface water races. World
records are about 10% faster for underwater swimming vs. surface swimming, but little is …

The objective of this study was to simulate the swimming motion with bi-fins and investigate
the effect of ankle joint motion by simulation. A model of a swimmer was constructed by …