This paper gives an overview on the unique concept of the entomovector technology to
employ pollinating insects, including honey bees and bumble bees in the context of …

The proboscis extension reflex (PER) is widely used in a classical conditioning (Pavlovian)
context to evaluate learning and memory of a variety of insect species. The literature is …

1. Changes to plant community composition after invasion are well documented but how
these shifts directly affect higher trophic levels is still poorly understood. One potentially …

While the phrase 'foraging bumblebee'brings to mind a bumbling bee flying flower to flower
in a sunny meadow, foraging is a complicated series of behaviors such as: locating a floral …

Learning olfactory stimuli and their implications is essential in bumblebees for orientation
and recognition of nest sites and food sources. To evaluate associative learning abilities in …

In honeybees, the conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) has provided a
powerful tool to explore the mechanisms underlying olfactory learning and memory …

A restrained honey bee can be trained to extend its proboscis in response to the pairing of
an odor with a sucrose reward, a form of olfactory associative learning referred to as the …

Olfactory learning and floral scents are co-adaptive traits in the plant–pollinator relationship.
However, how scent relates to cognition and learning in the diverse group of Neotropical …

Animals use cues from a range of sensory modalities to discriminate stimuli and as
predictors of reward. Whilst there is appreciable variation in the cognitive performance of …

Pollinators are exposed to numerous parasites and pathogens when foraging on flowers.
These biological stressors may affect critical cognitive abilities required for foraging. Here …