Background Daily rhythms are observed in humans and almost all other organisms. Most of
these observed rhythms reflect both underlying endogenous circadian rhythms and evoked …

Circadian rhythms are essential for the survival of all organisms, enabling them to predict
daily changes in the environment and time their behaviour appropriately. The molecular …

The field of “circadian medicine” is a recent addition to chronobiology and sleep research
efforts. It represents a logical step arising from the increasing insights into the circadian …

Over the last 60 years we have seen a significant rise in metabolic disease, especially type 2
diabetes. In the same period, the emergence of electricity and artificial lighting has allowed …

Sleep is a vital and evolutionarily conserved process, critical to daily functioning and
homeostatic balance. Losing sleep is inherently stressful and leads to numerous detrimental …

Adenosine receptors (ARs) are widely acknowledged pharmacological targets yet are still
underutilized in clinical practice. Their ubiquitous distribution in almost all cells and tissues …

Due to the widely usage in livestock, aquaculture and clinics, antibiotic residues are existed
in aqueous environments and their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms is concerning …

Sleep is established as an essential physiological need that impacts physical, emotional,
and cognitive functions profoundly. Physiologically, inadequate sleep weakens immune …

The mammalian central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN),
coordinates the timing of physiology and behavior to local time cues. In the SCN, second …

The circadian clock in mammals regulates the sleep/wake cycle and many associated
behavioral and physiological processes. The cellular clock mechanism involves a …