Robotic surgery is transforming the current surgical practice, not only by improving the
conventional surgical methods but also by introducing innovative robot-enhanced …

This paper presents a comprehensive critical review of technologies used in the
development of fibre optic shape sensors (FOSSs). Their operation is based on multi …

This article presents an overview of the current state of research and application of haptic
(primarily kinesthetic) feedback and force-based teleoperation in the context of surgical …

For bilateral teleoperation, the haptic feedback demands the availability of accurate force
information transmitted from the remote site. Nevertheless, due to the limitation of the size …

This paper presents a novel surgical instrument integrated with a four-degree-of-freedom
(DOF) force sensor. By adopting the capacitive transduction principle, the sensor enables …

The development of needles, needle–insertion simulators, and needle-wielding robots for
use in a clinical environment depends on a thorough understanding of the mechanics of …

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a surgical technique that offers distinct advantages in
reducing pain and patients' recovery time. However, the drawback due to the lack of force …

A multi-axis force sensor measures forces and moments occurring in more than one spatial
direction. In this way, a single multi-axis sensor can perform what is essentially a three …

Vitreoretinal surgery requires very fine motor control to perform precise manipulation of the
delicate tissue in the interior of the eye. Besides physiological hand tremor, fatigue, poor …

The current study highlights the development of a novel and high-accuracy Fiber Bragg
Grating (FBG)-enabled tri-axial distal force sensor for minimally invasive surgical palpation …