CD8+ T cells are end effectors of cancer immunity. Most forms of effective cancer
immunotherapy involve CD8+ T cell effector function. Here, we review the current …

The clinical success of cancer immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has refocused attention
on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) across cancer types. The outcome of immune …

Inhibitors of the PD-1–PD-L1 axis have been approved as therapy for many human cancers.
In spite of the evidence for their widespread clinical activity, little is known about the …

The metabolic stress occurring in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hampers T cell anti-
tumor immunity by disturbing T cell metabolic and epigenetic programs. Recent studies are …

PD1 was originally discovered in 1992 as a molecule associated with activation-induced cell
death in T cells. Over the past 30 years, it was found that PD1 has a critical role in avoiding …

Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered crucial in anti-tumour immunity.
Accordingly, the presence of TILs contains prognostic and predictive value. In 2011, we …

Resident memory T cells (TRM) form a distinct type of T memory cells that stably resides in
tissues. TRM form an integral part of the immune sensing network and have the ability to …

CD8+ T cells specific for cancer cells are detected within tumours. However, despite their
presence, tumours progress. The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade and …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a crucial enforcer of immune homeostasis and
tolerance, inhibiting the expansion and function of many components of the immune system …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), by reinvigorating CD8+ T cell mediated immunity, have
revolutionized cancer therapy. Yet, the systemic CD8+ T cell distribution, a potential …