Early electron microscopy studies revealed the elaborate cellular features that define the
unique adaptations of apicomplexan parasites. Among these were bulbous rhoptry (ROP) …

A single mouse click on the topic tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in PubMed reveals about 50
000 articles providing one or the other information about this pleiotropic cytokine or its …

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of global importance. In the laboratory setting, T.
gondii is frequently used as a model pathogen to study mechanisms of T helper 1 (TH1) cell …

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary significance that is
able to infect any warm-blooded vertebrate host. In addition to its importance to public …

The nature of microglia fascinated many prominent researchers in the 19th and early 20th
centuries, and in a classic treatise in 1932, Pio del Rio-Hortega formulated a number of …

Understanding the factors that influence T helper 1 (TH1)-and TH2-cell responses has been
one of the main focuses of immunology for almost 20 years. Whereas the central role of …

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) leads to cellular changes not only in the
affected neurons but also in adjacent glial cells and endothelia, and frequently, to a …

Stressors ranging from nutrient deprivation to immune signaling can induce the degradation
of cytoplasmic material by a process known as autophagy. Increasingly, research on …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF; formerly known as TNFα) and lymphotoxin (LT) α, originally
characterized by their ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis and cachexia, are now …

Extensive research has been performed to unravel the mechanistic signaling pathways
mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), by contrast there is limited …