Toll-like receptors play a vital role in cell-mediated immunity, which is crucial for the immune
system's defense against pathogens and maintenance of homeostasis. The interaction …

Preclinical models of addictive drugs have been developed for decades to model aspects of
the clinical experience in substance use disorders (SUDs). These include passive exposure …

Macrophages play a pivotal role in safeguarding against a broad spectrum of infections,
from viral, bacterial, fungal to parasitic threats and contributing to the immune defense …

Millions of people suffer globally from disorders caused by narcotic substances. Drug
addiction leads to the destruction of an individual's life and risk to public safety. Morphine is …

Morphine addiction poses a significant challenge to global healthcare. Current opioid
substitution therapies, such as buprenorphine, naloxone and methadone are effective but …

Autophagy is a fundamental pillar of cellular resilience, indispensable for maintaining
cellular health and vitality. It coordinates the meticulous breakdown of cytoplasmic …

Relationships between protective enzymatic and non-enzymatic pro-antioxidant
mechanisms and addictive substances use disorders (SUDs) are analyzed here, based on …

This paper is the forty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …