Fecal pollution of recreational waters can cause scenic blight and pose a threat to public
health, resulting in beach advisories and closures. Fecal indicator bacteria (total and fecal …

This review describes the evolution of monitoring methodology for Cryptosporidium and
Giardia in water since the 1970's. Methods in current use for Giardia and Cryptosporidium in …

Among the major issues linked with producing safe water for consumption is the presence of
the parasitic protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. Since they are both …

The unprecedented situation of the COVID-19 pandemic heavily polluted water bodies
whereas the presence of SARS-CoV-2, even in treated wastewater in every corner of the …

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are typically used to monitor microbial water quality but are
poor representatives of viruses due to different environmental fate. Viral fecal indicators …

There is a growing move towards using the quantitative polymerase chain (qPCR)-based
sewage-associated marker genes to assess surface water quality. However, a lack of …

Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis are important waterborne diseases. In
the standard for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents in China and other countries …

This review examines the aims of and approaches to the Quantitative Microbial Risk
Assessment (QMRA) of untreated recreational waters. The literature search was conducted …

Pollution of marine ecosystems with the protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii,
Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis can be studied using bivalve shellfish as …

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial characteristics of coastal waters
which are impacted by anthropogenic pollution as well as estimate the health risks …