Lead (Pb) toxicity has been a subject of interest for environmental scientists due to its toxic
effect on plants, animals, and humans. An increase in several Pb related industrial activities …

Vultures are nature's most successful scavengers, and they provide an array of ecological,
economic, and cultural services. As the only known obligate scavengers, vultures are …

In the environment, organisms are exposed to a diverse array of chemicals in complex
mixtures. The majority of approaches that aim to assess the risk of environmental chemical …

Biomonitoring using birds of prey as sentinel species has been mooted as a way to evaluate
the success of European Union directives that are designed to protect people and the …

Metals are involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may result in
metal-related oxidative stress that can lead to oxidative damage to lipids, DNA and proteins …

Between 1996 and 2000 the appearance of bovine spongiform encephalopathy swiftly
became one of the most serious public health and political crises concerning food safety …

Biodiversity losses are increasing as a consequence of negative anthropogenic effects on
ecosystem dynamics. However, the magnitude and complexity of these effects may still be …

Lead contamination is a widely recognised conservation problem for raptors worldwide.
There are a number of studies in individual raptor species but those data have not been …

Scavenging, or the consumption of dead animal matter, has been documented for a wide
array of vertebrate taxa by naturalists and researchers for centuries. Yet, until recently, the …

Food webs developed under classical theoretical models often depict simplistic interactions
among trophic levels linked by predation (Hairston et al. 1960). As a result, extensive …