Goal-directed social behaviours such as mating and fighting are associated with scalable
and persistent internal states of emotion, motivation, arousal or drive. How those internal …

Acts of violence account for an estimated 1.43 million deaths worldwide annually. While
violence can occur in many contexts, individual acts of aggression account for the majority of …

Electrical stimulation of certain hypothalamic regions in cats and rodents can elicit attack
behaviour, but the exact location of relevant cells within these regions, their requirement for …

Oxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide with an impressive variety of physiological functions. Among
them, the 'prosocial'effects have been discussed in several recent reviews, but the direct …

Behavioral neuroendocrinology is an integrative discipline that spans a wide range of taxa
and neural systems, and thus the appropriate designation of homology (sameness) across …

Socially aggressive interaction is stressful. What is more, social aggression is stressful for
both dominant and subordinate animals. Much of the neurocircuitry for stress and …

The neural circuits underlying emotional valence and motivated behaviors are several
synapses away from both defined sensory inputs and quantifiable motor outputs …

Aggression research was for long dominated by the assumption that aggression-related
psychopathologies result from the excessive activation of aggression-promoting brain …

The brain is usually described as hierarchically organized, although an alternative network
model has been proposed. To help distinguish between these two fundamentally different …

The serotonergic (5-HT) system in the brain is involved in the modulation of offensive
aggressive behavior. The dogma that activity of the 5-HT system is inversely related to …