BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is currently based on serum PSA
testing and/or abnormal digital rectal examination and histopathologic evaluation of prostate …

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) remains the most used biomarker in the management of
early prostate cancer (PCa), in spite of the problems related to false positive results and …

Prostate cancer screening and diagnosis has been guided by prostate-specific antigen
levels for the past 25 years, but with the most recent US Preventive Services Task Force …

Context Prostate cancer stratification is based on tumour size, pretreatment PSA level, and
Gleason score, but it remains imperfect. Current research focuses on the discovery and …

Background Three prospective randomised trials reported discordant findings regarding the
impact of adjuvant radiation therapy (aRT) versus observation for metastasis-free survival …

Purpose Localised prostate cancer diagnosis and management is increasingly complex due
to its heterogeneous progression and prognostic subgroups. Pitfalls in current screening …

Markers for prostate cancer (PCa) have progressed over recent years. In particular, the
prostate health index (PHI) and the 4-kallikrein (4K) panel have been demonstrated to …

Better biomarkers that can discriminate between aggressive and indolent phenotypes of
prostate cancer are urgently needed. In the first 20 years of the prostate-specific antigen …

The diagnostics and management of localized prostate cancer is complicated because of
cancer heterogeneity and differentiated progression in various subgroups of patients. As a …

Early identification and management of prostate cancer completely changed with the
discovery of prostate-specific antigen. However, improved detection has also led to …