The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Since the identification in 1988 of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a potent inducer
of bone and cartilage formation, BMP superfamily signalling has become one of the most …

The development of the vertebrate eyes is a complex process starting from anterior-posterior
and dorso-ventral patterning of the anterior neural tube, resulting in the formation of the eye …

The TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) system signals via protein kinase receptors and
Smad mediators to regulate a plethora of biological processes, including morphogenesis …

Microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) are distinct phenotypes that represent
a continuum of structural developmental eye defects. In severe bilateral cases …

Purpose To develop a comprehensive next-generation sequencing panel assay that
screens genes known to cause developmental eye disorders and inherited eye disease and …

Eye formation is the result of coordinated induction and differentiation processes during
embryogenesis. Disruption of any one of these events has the potential to cause ocular …

Klippel-Feil syndrome is a congenital defect in the formation or segmentation of the cervical
spine. A wide spectrum of associated anomalies may be present. This heterogeneity has …

Congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) pose a significant health problem because they
can be associated with spinal deformities, such as congenital scoliosis and kyphosis, in …

All transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands are synthesised as precursor molecules
consisting of a signal peptide, an N-terminal prodomain and a C-terminal mature domain …