Mushroom bodies are prominent neuropils found in annelids and in all arthropod groups
except crustaceans. First explicitly identified in 1850, the mushroom bodies differ in size and …

Despite public claims to the contrary, our functional understanding of the brain is still
rudimentary. Starting with FJ Gall's Phrenology of the late eighteenth century, one of the …

Spiders are wonderful creatures. Their varied and complex range of behavior and highly
developed sensory systems are excellently adapted to the environmental conditions-as is …

We have explored the organization of the axonal lobes in Drosophila mushroom bodies by
using a panel of immunohistochemical markers. These markers consist of antibodies to eight …

▪ Abstract The past decade has produced an explosion of new information on the
development, neuroanatomy, and possible functions of the mushroom bodies. This review …

In this paper we propose a model of visually guided route navigation in ants that captures
the known properties of real behaviour whilst retaining mechanistic simplicity and thus …

Although the importance of the Drosophila mushroom body in olfactory learning and
memory has been stressed, virtually nothing is known about the brain regions to which it is …

Insects and other arthropods use visual landmarks to remember the location of their nest, or
its equivalent. However, so far, only olfactory learning and memory have been claimed to be …

Phylogenetically conserved brain centers known as mushroom bodies are implicated in
insect associative learning and in several other aspects of insect behavior. Kenyon cells, the …

Declines in pollinator colonies represent a worldwide concern. The widespread use of
agricultural pesticides is recognized as a potential cause of these declines. Previous studies …