History suggests β agonists, the cognate ligand of the β 2 adrenoceptor, have been used as
bronchodilators for around 5,000 years, and β agonists remain today the frontline treatment …

This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins
directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide …

Chemical synapses between axons and dendrites mediate neuronal intercellular
communication. Here, we describe a synapse between axons and primary cilia: the axo …

Since the discovery nearly 60 years ago, cAMP is envisioned as one of the most universal
and versatile second messengers. The tremendous feature of cAMP to tightly control highly …

The EP4 prostanoid receptor is one of four receptor subtypes for prostaglandin E 2. It
belongs to the family of G protein–coupled receptors. It was originally identified, similar to …

Agonists activating β2-adrenoceptors (β2ARs) on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are the drug
of choice for rescue from acute bronchoconstriction in patients with both asthma and chronic …

cAMP is a universal second messenger that plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation
influencing gene expression, cell morphology, and function. A crucial step toward a better …

In a variety of normal and pathological cell types, Rho-kinases I and II (ROCKI/II) play a
pivotal role in the organization of the nonmuscle and smooth muscle cytoskeleton and …

Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways that is associated with
airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow limitation. Although asthma was once simply …

Agents which increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) may have an
antagonistic effect on pro-inflammatory molecule production so that inhibitors of the cAMP …