There are> 18 distinct disease-modifying therapy (DMT) options covering 10 mechanisms of
action currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of …

Neuroimmunological diseases and their treatment compromise the immune system, thereby
increasing the risk of infections and serious illness. Consequently, vaccinations to protect …

Importance Autoimmune encephalitis misdiagnosis can lead to harm. Objective To
determine the diseases misdiagnosed as autoimmune encephalitis and potential reasons …

Background Disease-specific studies have reported impaired humoral responses after
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders treated …

Abstract Background The CD40–CD40L costimulatory pathway regulates adaptive and
innate immune responses and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple …

Abstract Background Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) target
immunity and have the potential to increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Background B-cell depleting therapies are highly efficacious in relapsing-remitting multiple
sclerosis but one such therapy, rituximab, is not approved for multiple sclerosis and no …

Background Concerns have been raised regarding the risks of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough
infections in vaccinated patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases treated with …

Background and Objectives Certain demographic and clinical characteristics, including the
use of some disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), are associated with severe acute …

Abstract Purpose of Review Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central
nervous system (CNS) with a chronic and often progressive disease course. The current …