Purpose Freshwater scarcity is a problem in many areas of the world and will become one of
the most sensitive environmental issues in coming decades. Existing life cycle assessment …

The production of drinking water from fresh surface water involves several processes,
energy consumption and chemical dosing, all having global environmental impacts. These …

Environmental impact assessment will soon become a compulsory phase in future potable
water production projects, especially when alternative treatment processes such as …

A process optimization method has been developed for the design of reverse osmosis (RO)
processes. RO process configurations are systematically generated using a flexible …

Water scarcity in Singapore has resulted in a complex urban water system with multiple
water sources, advanced treatment processes, and recycling for potable and non-potable …

Nitrate pollution of groundwater, mainly from agricultural applications, is a widespread water
quality problem in many countries. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the …

Assessment of life cycle environmental impacts and cumulative energy demand on a
laboratory-scale capacitive deionizing (CDI) of brackish water was conducted in this study …

Environmental performance of different water recycling technologies is compared on the
basis of the associated potential environmental impacts using the technique of Life Cycle …

Abstract In the literature, Life Cycle Assessment studies of drinking water production systems
do not show or fully clarify the contribution of the specific unit processes, of the plant …

Membrane technology is being increasingly used in the treatment of waters and
wastewaters. The two main costs associated with the adoption of membrane filtration are the …