We review the comparative literature on the impact of national-level educational institutions
on inequality in student achievement. We focus on two types of institutions that characterize …

Prompted by new data and a renewed concern about equality of opportunity, the study of
intergenerational mobility has flourished in Latin America in the past decade. Although …

Only 150 years ago, the majority of the world's population was largely illiterate. Today, not
only do most people over fifteen have basic reading and writing skills, but 20 percent of the …

It is widely believed that countries with greater levels of income inequality also have lower
levels of intergenerational mobility. This relationship, known as the Great Gatsby Curve …

A quarter century ago, an important finding in stratification research showed that the
intergenerational occupational association was much weaker among college graduates …

Research has repeatedly shown that educational opportunities are distributed unevenly in
all countries. Therefore, the question is not whether family background and educational …

We make use of newly available data that include roughly 5 million linked household and
population records from 1850 to 2015 to document long-term trends in intergenerational …

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, the world was living a learning crisis. Before the
pandemic, 258 million children and youth of primary-and secondary-school age were out of …

The children of high-income parents often become high-income adults, while their low-
income peers often become low-income adults. Education plays a central role in this …

Conventional social mobility research, which measures family social class background
relative to only fathers' characteristics, presents an outmoded picture of families—a picture …