Ischemic stroke after cerebral artery occlusion is one of the major causes of chronic disability
worldwide. Interleukins (ILs) play a bidirectional role in ischemic stroke through information …

Structured models of ontogenic, phenotypic and functional diversity have been instrumental
for a renewed understanding of the biology of immune cells, such as macrophages and …

Since its discovery in 1975, TNFα has been a subject of intense study as it plays significant
roles in both immunity and cancer. Such attention is well deserved as TNFα is unique in its …

Neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacteria and fungi and help combat parasites
and viruses. They are necessary for mammalian life, and their failure to recover after …

Since the molecular cloning of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 1986, many other cytokines have been
found to share the same signal transducer, gp130, in their receptor complexes. Thus, the IL …

TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine with important functions in homeostasis and disease
pathogenesis. Recent discoveries have provided insights into TNF biology that introduce …

Dysregulated neutrophil activation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases
including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Neutrophil …

Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the phagocytic system that act as first line
of host defense against invading pathogens but are also important mediators of …

SARS-CoV-2 is the novel coronavirus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Severe complications are observed only in a small proportion of infected patients but the …

The identification of discrete neutrophil populations, as well as the characterization of their
immunoregulatory properties, is an emerging topic under extensive investigation. In such …