The formation and persistence of surface-attached microbial communities, known as
biofilms, are responsible for 75% of human microbial infections (National Institutes of …

SIR produces its Standards of Practice documents by using the following process. Topics of
relevance and timeliness are conceptualized by the Standards of Practice Committee …

Abstract The National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative
(KDOQI) has provided evidence-based guidelines for hemodialysis vascular access since …

Biofilms cause chronic infections in tissues or by developing on the surfaces of medical
devices. Biofilm infections persist despite both antibiotic therapy and the innate and adaptive …

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) constitute an important cause of hospital-
acquired infection associated with morbidity, mortality, and cost. The aim of these guidelines …

Background Intermittent locking of central venous catheters (CVCs) is undertaken to help
maintain their patency and performance. There are systematic variations in care: some …

Bloodstream infections are an important cause of hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality in
patients receiving hemodialysis. Eliminating bloodstream infections in the hemodialysis …

Background Antimicrobial lock therapy has been widely utilized internationally for the
prevention and management of intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infections. One of …

Totally implantable venous access devices, or ports, are essential in the therapeutic
management of patients who require long-term intermittent intravenous therapy. Totally …

Background A significant proportion of incident and prevalent hemodialysis patients have
central venous catheters for vascular access. No consensus is available on the prevention of …