The aspiration of a circular economy is to shift material flows toward a zero waste and
pollution production system. The process of shifting to a circular economy has been initiated …

Designers and engineers need better tools and methods to create highly repairable
products. Design for disassembly and reassembly is an important product related design …

In the coming decades, the number of end-of-life (EoL) traction battery systems will increase
sharply. The disassembly of the system to the battery module is necessary to recycle the …

Abstract Design for disassembly approaches are crucial for supporting industrial circular
economy transition. However, a significant limitation of current design for disassembly …

The Circular Economy Action Plan adopted by the European Commission aims to keep
value in products as long as possible through developing product-specific requirements for …

Remanufacturing prolongs the life cycle and increases the residual value of various end-of-
life (EoL) products. As an inevitable process in remanufacturing, disassembly plays an …

Despite the importance of product repairability, current methods for assessing and grading
repairability are limited, which hampers the efforts of designers, remanufacturers, original …

One of the main aspects to increase the useful life of ErP and reduce waste generation is the
product repairability. Key factors in assessing the ability to repair a product are the ease of …

In the last years, new standards (eg, the EN4555X series) and indices (ie, RSS, eDiM,) have
been published to include repairability aspects in product design. These indices are very …

In 2021, sales of electric bicycles in Germany increased compared to the previous year,
leading to a 43% share of electric bicycles in the total German bicycle market. The German …