A number of recent advances have been made in the clinical diagnosis and prognostication
of multiple sclerosis patients. Future research will enable the development of more accurate …

B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system and have important roles
in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Besides producing …

Background No treatment has consistently shown efficacy in slowing disability progression
in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). We assessed the effect of …

Objective To characterize the accrual of long‐term disability in a cohort of actively treated
multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to assess whether clinical and magnetic resonance …

Overactivation of microglia is associated with most neurodegenerative diseases. In this
study we examined whether PET-measurable innate immune cell activation predicts multiple …

Disability accrual in multiple sclerosis may occur as relapse-associated worsening or
progression independent of relapse activity. The role of progression independent of relapse …

The relationships between cognitive impairment that exist during the clinical course of
multiple sclerosis (MS) remain poorly described. The effect of disease duration has been …

Objectives To assess factors affecting the rate of conversion to secondary progressive (SP)
multiple sclerosis (MS) and its subsequent evolution. Methods Among 806 patients with …

The purpose of studying the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is twofold. First, it is
important to understand clearly the natural history of the illness in order to assist patients in …

A 37-year-old man with multiple sclerosis has recurrent disease activity despite several
previous therapies. Treatment with fingolimod is recommended. Fingolimod blocks the …