In virtually all areas of psychology, the question of whether a particular construct has a
prospective effect on another is of fundamental importance. For decades, the cross-lagged …

How to model cross-lagged relations in panel data continues to be a source of disagreement
in psychological research. While the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was the modeling …

Inferring reciprocal effects or causality between variables is a central aim of behavioral and
psychological research. To address reciprocal effects, a variety of longitudinal models that …

The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) is believed by many to overcome the problems
associated with the use of cross-lagged correlations as a way to study causal influences in …

Statistical mediation analysis can help to identify and explain the mechanisms behind
psychological processes. Examining a set of variables for mediation effects is a ubiquitous …

For decades, researchers have employed the Cross-Lagged Panel Model (CLPM) to
analyze the interactions and interdependencies of a wide variety of inner-or supra-individual …

Objective: Although recent statistical and computational developments allow for the
empirical testing of psychological theories in ways not previously possible, one particularly …

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in utilizing time-lagged panel models to
study mechanisms of change in psychotherapy. These models offer valuable insights into …

Objective: Therapeutic alliance is one of the most stable predictors of outcome in
psychotherapy, regardless of theoretical orientation. The alliance–outcome relationship in …

One major challenge of longitudinal data analysis is to find an appropriate statistical model
that corresponds to the theory of change and the research questions at hand. In the present …